Crooked jaw varies in severity, with those with more serious cases having symptoms like an asymmetrical face, pain in the temples, ear-popping, and problems chewing. Treatments include using orthodontics, surgery, as well as symptom management.
This article covers the basics of an uneven jaw, including what causes the condition, its symptoms, as well as how it’s taken on.
Causes of a Crooked Jaw
Broadly speaking, crooked jaw is caused by birth defects (congenital), issues as the teeth and jaw develop (developmental), or due to trauma or accidents (acquired). Here’s a quick breakdown.
TMJ Disorders
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the hinge that connects the maxilla and mandible. TMJ disorders (often simply called “TMJs” or “TMDs”) are a common cause of crooked jaw. They occur when there are problems either with the joint itself or the surrounding muscles or ligaments. Leading to inflammation, pain, and other symptoms, TMJ issues can be caused by:
Arthritis of the jaw Teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism) Misaligned bite Injury Stress Dislocation of the joint
Trauma
Crooked jaw can also arise due to falls or accidents. For instance, healing can be uneven following a fracture of the mandible or maxilla, undermining their alignment. This type of uneven jaw can arise in those of any age, though people with osteoporosis or low bone density are more likely to experience lasting damage. This is why doctors employ extra monitoring and care as you recover from a broken bone or traumatic injury.
Jaw and tooth pain Headaches and earaches Shoulder and neck pain Inability to open your mouth wide Locking of the jaw when open or closed Popping or clicking when chewing or moving your mouth Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) Facial swelling Misalignment of the upper and lower jaw
Birth Defect
Many cases of an uneven jaw can be attributed to birth defects affecting the symmetry of the face. This congenital issue, termed “hemifacial microsomia,” most commonly affects the jawbones. It leads to irregularities on one side of the face (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral). Varying in severity, this can cause: canted teeth (slanted when compared to the nose and mouth), chin pointed off to one side, and other asymmetries in the lower side of the face.
Severe cases, especially if they’re bilateral and untreated, can lead to obstructive sleep apnea (snoring and sleep disruption) and Pierre Robin syndrome (a severe under formation of the mandible at birth). Additionally, a crooked jaw is associated with cleft palate and lip, which are birth defects.
Teeth Misalignment
Malocclusion—the misalignment and mismatch between the upper and lower sets of teeth—can also be a cause of crooked jaw. Many factors can cause crooked teeth, including:
Inherited tooth crookedness Thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, and pacifier use (after the age of 3) Tooth loss, extra teeth, tooth impaction, or malformed teeth Poor-fitting dental appliances, braces, filings, retainers, and fillings Misalignment of jawbones following trauma or accident Tumor development in the jaw
Uneven Jaw Symptoms
Depending on how severe it is, an uneven jaw can significantly impact the health of your gums, the muscles, and ligaments of the TMJ, bones, and teeth. Resembling other disorders of the jaw or mouth, the principal symptoms of a crooked jaw include:
Class I (normal molar relationship): This is when your bite is correct, but there may be other alignment issues such as crowding, spacing, rotated teeth, anterior open bite, etc. Class II: Frequently termed “overbite” or “retrognathism,” this is when the upper set of teeth significantly overlaps the lower one. Class III: When the lower set of teeth are pushed forward and protrude in front of the upper set, you have type 3, also known as “underbite” or “prognathism. ”
Pain in the templesHeadaches and/or pain in the shoulders and backClicking, grinding, or pain in the jawRinging, buzzing, or popping in the earsTightness and pain in the jaw
Additionally, a crooked jaw can affect the appearance of your face, leading to:
A gummy smile, in which the upper jaw is too lowLong face, characterized by an open bite and a stretched appearance to the faceToothless smile, where the upper jaw is too small (severe underbite).
Lastly, a crooked jaw can cause a range of dental issues, including:
Tooth loss Wearing or damage on tooth surfaces Gum recession (where the gums pull back from the teeth, exposing more of the tooth than is typical) Loose teeth Damage to gums or surrounding tissues
Treating a Crooked Jaw
While minor misalignments of the jaw may not require special treatment, symptomatic and more severe cases do. The options range from surgery in the most severe cases, to the use of orthodontic appliances and working to manage pain and other symptoms.
Surgery
Generally reserved for more severe and advanced cases, surgery to correct uneven jaw is called “orthognathic surgery.” These aim to reshape the upper or lower jaw to properly line everything up. Several specifics are considered:
Maxillary osteotomy: Osteotomy is the surgical removal of bone. In this case, the surgeon focuses on the upper jaw (maxilla). The goal is to correct an overbite or open bite by creating space and repositioning this bone to line up with the mandible (lower jaw). Mandibular osteotomy: In cases of severe underbite, osteotomy may be performed on the mandible. The aim here is to reposition the lower jaw back so that it properly lines up with the maxilla. Genioplasty: If the chin is too small or out of position, this surgery reshapes the mandible to realign the jaw and correct any crookedness.
Following surgery, or in the case of jaw fracture, you may require temporary jaw wiring, or the use of pins to support the structure and help correct the misalignment.
Dental Appliances
In cases where the uneven jaw is due to malocclusion, orthodontics and wearing dental appliances can help correct the issue. Over time—typically 18 months to two years—the pressure put on the teeth and jaw promotes a healthier alignment. These approaches may include:
Splints: Splints are instruments worn on the upper or lower sets of teeth. These appliances aren’t removable and encourage proper alignment of the teeth. Mouthguards: To help with TMJ and grinding—as well as to help reposition the jaw—you may need to wear a guard at night. Braces: A cornerstone of orthodontic care, braces are brackets that gradually push teeth into proper alignment. Orthodontic headgear may be needed as well, as this can provide additional pressure on the jaw. Retainers: Sets of clear aligners (such as Invisalign) or other types may be used to correct tooth alignment or support the work of braces. Bridges: If missing teeth are at the root of the uneven jaw, false teeth attached to surrounding existing ones, dental bridges, can be used to correct the issue.
Pain Management
Taking on the pain and inflammation associated with crooked jaw, especially when there’s a TMJ disorder, can be another important aspect of treating the condition. A range of methods—everything from making lifestyle changes to alternative therapies—can help:
Icing or heating: Applying an ice pack or warm towel to the temples or jaw for 10 minutes at a time can help with pain. This can be especially helpful when paired with jaw stretches shown to you by your provider. It can be done multiple times a day, as needed. Eating soft foods: Chewing can be difficult and cause pain. Soft foods, such as steamed or boiled vegetables, yogurt, fish, soups, and mashed potatoes, can be less painful to eat. Steer clear of crunchy or tough-to-chew foods. Over-the-counter medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Motrin and Advil (ibuprofen), Aleve (naproxen), and aspirin, take on inflammation and pain. These are all available over the counter. Prescription medications: Your provider may indicate other drugs in more severe or hard-to-manage cases. Narcotic analgesics can be prescribed for pain, with muscle relaxers helpful to ease tension from teeth grinding. NSAIDs come in stronger, prescribed doses. Anti-anxiety drugs and low doses of certain anti-depressants can also help. Careful movement: Be careful when yawning and avoid chewing excessively. Correcting head and neck posture can help, as can keeping your upper and lower teeth slightly separated as much as you can. Stretches and exercises as directed by your provider can also help with tension. Relaxation methods: Meditation, mindfulness work, and other methods of promoting relaxation can help ease muscle pain and tension in the jaw. Breathing-oriented activities such as yoga can also help, as can activities like gardening or simply taking a bath. Acupuncture: An alternative health modality with origins in Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture involves using specialized needles to stimulate specific points in the body. Research has shown that this can be effective in taking on chronic pain problems.
In difficult to manage and severe cases of TMJ pain, additional procedures to consider include:
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): A device delivers electrical impulses to nerve centers in the TMJ to basically scramble pain messaging. Ultrasound: Using specialized sound waves, affected areas in the jaw are heated up to relieve pain and tenderness. Trigger-point injection: Injections of pain medication or local anesthetic to specific points in the muscles surrounding the jaw (called “trigger points”) can also manage pain. Radio wave therapy: Directed radio waves cause electrical stimulation within the TMJ, which stimulates blood circulation, easing symptoms. Botox injections: Injections of botulinum toxin (Botox) to muscles around the jaw reduces inflammation there and causes them to decrease in size, which can help.
Summary
Uneven jaw occurs when the upper jaw, or maxilla, does not properly line up with the lower jaw, or mandible. This arises due to a range of factors, including misalignment of the teeth, disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connecting these bones, trauma, as well as birth defects.
Varying in severity, this condition causes pain in the temples and jaw, ear popping, and problems chewing or swallowing. It can also lead to tooth decay and loss and have a mental health impact.
Treatments for crooked jaw include wearing dental appliances, certain surgeries, as well as management of the associated inflammation and pain.
A Word From Verywell
While having a crooked jaw can be a real burden, it’s important to remember that there’s a lot that you can do to correct the issue. Orthodontics have shown a great deal of efficacy in taking on the issue, and surgeries have successfully helped countless patients with this issue.
What’s most important if you’re suffering from jaw pain, functional issues, or other symptoms, is that you get the help you need. Calling your healthcare provider can be the first step towards a healthier and more comfortable smile.
For chronic jaw pain that’s resistant to treatment, your provider may consider non-surgical therapies that work to stimulate pain-signaling nerves, such as transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) and radio wave therapy.
